Live Wilderness Adventure - Chapter 878 animal democracy

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[I have always had a question, why all the scientific names seem to be in Latin]

[How can I bring out Lao Fang's versatility if I don't do this?]

[Do you understand the gold content of the eight languages ​​(tactical retreat)]

[Please, learn a little biological classification and you will know that Latin is a must]

[Five-year graduate students tell you that all biological names are basically Latin or Latinized Greek, which is an international common practice, and the purpose is to facilitate exchanges in botany among countries around the world. 】

In the live broadcast room, many professionals gave answers. Similarly, as they said, Bi Fang said that the Latin scientific name was not for pretending to show off his ability to speak multiple languages.

"Knowing a little Latin is almost an essential skill for every animal and plant researcher."

"The reason for this is that all professional species names are composed of Latin."

"Everyone knows that different places with different names of animals and plants may have different names. In order to facilitate research, scientists need a unique name in the world. In the end, everyone's choice is to use the double name created by the biologist Linnaeus. law, which is composed of two Latin words, the generic name and the specific epithet."

"The function of the genus name is to indicate the genus of an animal and plant, and the species epithet is used to modify the genus name to indicate the characteristics of this species."

"For example, the scientific name of our most common potato is; tuberosum, which means that it belongs to the nightshade genus, and the species epithet tuberosum means 'with tubers'. The meaning of this name is that there is a strange eggplant with Tubers."

"There are also some plants whose species epithet is edulis, which means 'edible', such as ice cream beans, inga, edulis, which translates to an edible bean."

"There are even epithets like 'delicious', such as our Chinese actinidia, which means delicious kiwi fruit."

[There is a feeling of Harry Potter chanting a spell]

[Awada eats a big melon! 】

[Damn it, do I know its scientific name, so I can judge whether it can be eaten or not, and whether it is delicious? 】

【6 ah】

【I like to eat kiwi】

Bi Fang continued: "As for why Latin is chosen, it's not because the pioneers of biological classification are Latins, but because of some significant advantages of Latin, such as not being commonly used."

uncommonly used?

This is also an advantage?

Many people are scratching their heads.

Bi Fang smiled and said, "Yes, this is the advantage. As a dead language, Latin is not the official language of any country except the Vatican, and almost no one speaks Latin as their mother tongue."

"That led to a very stable Latin language, both in status, in grammar and even in the spelling of words."

"The world's popular languages ​​have changed many times. In ancient times, French, Italian, and Arabic were all popular. Modern German was also popular. Russian was also a major language during the Cold War. Now ugly English is the most popular. The foreseeable future is Chinese is very popular."

【Chinese hot spot praise】

"With the mainstream language constantly changing, Latin appears to be very 'neutral', and it is a foreign language to everyone. You can understand a lot of things by learning one, and 'lack of vitality' becomes an advantage at this time."

"Everyone knows that a dynamic language is updated very quickly, and it cannot express the rapidly developing social environment without updating it."

"But how can you guarantee that people can still understand the characters you write after a thousand years? Ahem, of course, Chinese characters with such changes as pictographic characters must be excluded. As for why, we will talk about this later."

Bi Fang paused for a moment, then continued.

"So, for languages ​​other than Chinese, like Shakespeare's original text, there are actually some obstacles in understanding for modern Yang people, and the time span of it is less than four hundred years."

Name a thing today, and no one will recognize the word tomorrow.

This is the real problem of most phonetic characters. If the changes are too fast, it will be difficult for future generations to understand in a few hundred years.

"Latin doesn't have this problem. Any usage is written in the ancient Roman dictionary thousands of years ago."

"No one speaks Latin as their mother tongue. It is impossible for one family to change the grammar or spelling of words. What it was like in a thousand years is what it is now."

"The second is the richness of vocabulary. When we learn English, if we can memorize thousands of words, we can easily pass the fourth level, but the vocabulary of Latin is as many as one million, giving more than 300,000 plants in the world. Naming is more than enough."

"That's why the basic research on the classification of animals and plants is in Latin."

【I see】

【Another day of knowledge】

[What about Chinese, what's different about Chinese? God Fang, you haven’t said anything yet]

"Chinese characters, this is actually more complicated to explain, involving the difference between ideograms and phonograms, and even more than that."

Bi Fang organized the language, and then began to explain.

If it is said that phonetic characters like English will be incomprehensible for five or six hundred years, then Chinese characters as ideographic characters have a considerable degree of superiority.

Shakespeare's writing is only four hundred years old, and it has created obstacles in reading for modern people.

But for Chinese people, such dyslexia appears, and it has to be pushed forward to the Shangshu of more than three thousand years.

This is an incredible miracle for foreign countries that use phonetic writing.

The fundamental reason is the difference between phonetic and ideographic.

The most typical phonetic text—English, the pronunciation and characters are the same, and it can be written as long as it can be read.

Chinese people discovered this problem during the Republic of China: as long as they can speak and write in Western Pinyin, the national literacy rate is very high, but Chinese characters are not easy to speak and write, so it is difficult for ordinary people to learn Chinese characters.

Even intellectuals began to demand reform of Chinese characters, and even to abolish square characters and use alphabetic characters instead.

This can't be wrong, the limitations of the times are there.

Phonetic writing has many advantages in the short term, and it is extremely convenient for communication, exchange and dissemination. Even ancient Egypt, which also developed hieroglyphics, was impacted by phonograms and abandoned the pictographic system that had initially formed, and turned around and added hieroglyphic writing. row of sounds.

However, there are also disadvantages of the phonetic representation - it is too easy to change.

The most typical one is English, which is actually divided into ugly style and central style.

It is clearly the same language, but because of the change in accent, the spelling of some words has gradually undergone differentiated changes in the past two hundred years.

This is still the result of the help of modern printing, and the rapid changes before that can be imagined.

On the contrary, Chinese characters, which originated from pictographs, do not have such shortcomings, because the characters do not follow the accent and become extremely stable.

The initial formation may have changed a lot, from the simplest murals to a mature writing system, the changes in the middle are very rapid, but this is not a change similar to phonetic, but development, from immature to mature, from complex to simple.

After the initial development, the basic Chinese characters have not changed much in thousands of years, and future generations can absorb the wisdom of the predecessors without any obstacles, one thousand, two thousand, three thousand, and five thousand years without any obstacles.

On the contrary, the owners of phonetic characters only had three or four hundred years of history before modern archaeological skills came out, and some histories gradually became myths

Some scholars even believe that the reason why China is a non-religious country has a certain relationship with its own Chinese character system, and it respects ancestors rather than gods.

In fact, it was not only China that first developed hieroglyphics. Egypt, for example, also had hieroglyphics in the early days. Unfortunately, it was impacted by phonograms and completely assimilated before it matured.

China, on the other hand, is too far away from the phonetic system, with the Caucasus Mountains and the Himalayas in between, and they are working on their own at home. By the time they come into contact with the phonetic system, the system has already matured and it is difficult to change. This is undoubtedly Thankfully.

Even Chinese characters are not only as simple as ideograms, but also have certain phonetic characters.

Pictophonetic characters and borrowed characters are all phonetic phenomena of Chinese characters.

This phonetic usage is completely different from English, French, Russian and other texts.

Therefore, in the classification of the real language system, Chinese characters are not just as simple as ideograms, but belong to ideograms, which is a further understanding.

Bi Fang did not elaborate further here.

But there is no doubt about the stability of Chinese characters. If Chinese characters are used as the scientific names of animals and plants, there is actually no problem.

However, the original biological classification system was built by foreigners, and the languages ​​of European countries are more or less related to Latin. For them, Latin is easier to learn, so it is naturally impossible to choose a Chinese language. up.

Since there are not only Chinese people in the live broadcast room, but also many foreign friends, Bi Fang did not explain too clearly, but simply popularized the stability and uniqueness of Chinese characters, which surprised many netizens.

[Wipe, it turns out that Chinese characters are so ugly]

[On why a wilderness survival anchor has studied the language system]

[Is it strange to know eight foreign languages ​​in Wilderness Survival? Isn't this a basic skill (funny)]

[Single walk a 6]

[I don’t understand Chinese characters, but I feel very powerful]

【Suspected of bragging】

[Actually, it cannot be said that there is no change, just like the chrysanthemum used to be a flower, but now (dog head)]

"It's a bit far-fetched. I just wanted to introduce the miscellaneous wolf, but the topic was taken away. I accidentally talked so much."

Bi Fang scratched his temples, quite embarrassed.

After this big talk, the spotted hyena almost gnawed the zebra into bones.

Fortunately, the miscellaneous wolf was still there, so Bi Fang hurriedly changed the subject.

"More often, whether in academic circles or in the folk, miscellaneous wolves are called 'african wilddog', that is, African wild dogs."

"This random name can't be considered outrageous, it's even more appropriate."

Like the "earth dog", the mutton wolf does not look out of the ordinary. It is similar in size to a Labrador, but it is more slender, with a shorter face and bigger ears.

In the African continent, where there are many beasts, this is really ugly.

This is the unassuming mottled wolf, also one of the top predators in Africa.

Every time they attack, they are almost 60% sure that they will not return empty-handed. Their prey are also various antelopes, warthogs, and even wildebeests.

"The variegated wolf never fights alone, which is extremely rare among mammalian predators. Even hyenas, wolves, which are well-known herd animals, also live alone, but the variegated wolf does not."

"According to Wilson's evaluation, the variegated wolf is the most socially complex carnivore."

"They always live in groups. The smallest group is a pair of adult variegated wolves and their juvenile children, while the largest group has as many as 40 or 50 animals."

"In a large pack, the female and the male each have a leader, they will lead the entire wolf pack, and have almost the only reproductive rights."

"The leader couple have one litter a year, and each litter has an average of 10 wolf cubs, sometimes up to 20, which is the most among all existing canine animals, and it can also ensure that only one pair of breeding can maintain the entire wolf cub. The development of the wolf pack."

【Amazing, this is too capable】

[I would like to call it the crown of sales]

"The cubs spent the first few weeks in the den, with the mother constantly watching over her, and her feeding problems were brought home by the other variegated wolves in the pack."

"When the wolf cubs can eat meat a month later, the mother will allow other individuals in the group to approach, because now the wolf cubs also need to eat takeaway."

"In terms of caring for children, Motley Wolf is definitely a model. The takeaways that everyone brings back from hunting, the children eat first."

"When the children are full, they will be the lead couple, and then the other wolves."

Bi Fang's words were quite playful, which made the audience in front of the screen laugh.

"That's not the most outrageous thing. In addition to ordering the young and old, can you believe that the motley wolf also has a 'democratic discussion' system!"

[Grass, old Fang, are you kidding me? 】

【I hallucinated】

【I do not believe】

【How could it be so smart】

【Isn't this almost like a human being】

The bullet screen was full of exclamations, and no one at UU Reading www.uukanshu.com believed it.

Bi Fang did not explain much, and directly talked about the behavior of the motley wolf.

"In 2017, scientists from Chou, Yang, Botswana and Australia jointly published a paper describing a special behavior of the motley wolf population in the Okavango Delta of Botswana: vote with 'sneeze' .”

"They observed that when variegated wolves are ready to hunt in groups, there is often a strange ritual, that is, 'sneezing' one after another."

"This is not an accidental behavior, but it happens every time, so it must contain a meaning that we humans don't know."

"After a long period of follow-up and observation, we finally understood the meaning of this ritual—an alternative voting system."

"If one of the lead couples starts to sneeze first, it only takes more than three other individuals to sneeze, and everyone will be up and hunting."

"And when the leading couple didn't speak, and other individuals in the group sneezed first, it would take at least ten people to start off."

"The hunting operation will only start if there are enough 'sneeze counts', otherwise it will be cancelled."

(end of this chapter)

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